Upfront capital investment required to drill and complete a well, encompassing both intangible and tangible costs needed to bring a new well into production.
Capital Expenditures in oil and gas are the one-time costs to acquire, drill, and complete a well or project. CapEx includes leasing mineral rights, drilling the well, casing and cementing, well completion (such as hydraulic fracturing), and surface facilities to start production. These costs are typically outlined in an Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) before a project begins. CapEx for a single modern horizontal well can range from several million to tens of millions of dollars. Understanding CapEx is essential as it represents the initial investment hurdle and influences the economic feasibility of the project, including how quickly investors can recoup their capital.
CapEx defines the scale of investment required and is a crucial input in project economics. Investors evaluate CapEx relative to expected reserves and cash flow; a higher CapEx means more capital at risk upfront and a longer path to payback, underscoring the importance of cost control and accurate budgeting.
